On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy, an event considered by many to mark the beginning of the credit crisis of 2008–2009 and the unprecedented public policy responses that followed. Much has been written about the multiple contributing factors to the crisis, ranging from predatory lending to Federal Reserve interest rate policy.

Yesterday Treasury released "guidance on its role in the exploration of a possible initial public offering of the common stock of General Motors Company." Under the Troubled Asset Relief Program, Treasury acquired 60.8% of GM's common stock and $2.1 billion of its preferred stock in connection with GM's restructuring last summer.

On November 1st, the Treasury Department provided an update regarding the federal government's involvement with AIG. AIG will use the proceeds from its sale of one unit and the IPO from a second to repay the loan extended to AIG by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and to repurchase a substantial amount of the FRBNY's preferred interests in certain AIG subsidiaries. AIG will then draw up to $22 billion in remaining Troubled Asset Relief Program funds from the Treasury Department to restructure its governmental obligations.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) recently issued rulings regarding the availability of tax losses after a bankruptcy,1 the ability to take a loss under Sections 165(a) and 165(g),2 and the characterization of a loss after an ownership change.3 There are few rulings or other sources of authority for these types of issues, and thus, a review of these rulings provides insight into the IRS’s current thinking on the issues addressed.

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Over the past few days, Members of Congress have engaged in intensive debate over the terms of the bailout package, now commonly referred to as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”). Both Democrats and Republicans have offered criticisms and alternatives to the original Treasury proposal which are summarized below.

Senator Dodd Proposal

Senator Christopher Dodd (D-CT), Chairman of the Senate Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs has drafted a 100 page bill that encompasses many of the Democratic proposals discussed to date. His bill would:

Yesterday, the Big Three U.S. auto chief executives submitted restructuring plans to the Senate Banking Committee and the House Financial Services Committee, in response to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid’s November 21st request calling on the auto executives to “submit a credible restructuring plan that results in a viable industry, with quality jobs, and economic opportunity for the 21st century while protecting taxpayer investments” by December 2nd.

Reports on the White House administration and members of Congress have suggested that the Treasury Department is nearing a decision to provide assistance to at least two of the Big Three U.S. automakers.

The recent financial crisis has resulted in events that once seemed impossible. Recently, in the federal government’s attempts to bail out the auto industry, an event unprecedented in American history almost occurred: the forced subordination of existing secured debt to new loans issued by the federal government. If the government were to revive this concept in future bailouts and attempt to subordinate the liens of secured creditors, a suit challenging the constitutionality of such action would have a good chance of success.

The Potential For Forced Subordination

While uncertainties loom around the auto industry, suppliers and OEMs can try to prepare for the road the lies ahead.

Yesterday, in a bankruptcy court hearing held for Chrysler LLC (and 24 of its wholly owned subsidiaries), which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection last Thursday, U.S.